Merge branch 'lunu'

serial_udp_update.py

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+import asyncio
+import serial_asyncio
+import struct
+import os
+import sys
+import serial
+import signal
+import traceback
+from pymavlink import mavutil
+
+# === 設定區 ===
+SERIAL_PORT = 'COM15'  # 手動指定
+SERIAL_BAUDRATE = 57600
+UDP_REMOTE_IP = '127.0.0.1'
+UDP_REMOTE_PORT = 14550
+DEBUG_MODE = False
+TARGET_ADDR64 = b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xFF\xFF'  # 廣播
+
+# === 工具函數 ===
+def check_serial_port():
+    try:
+        ser = serial.Serial(SERIAL_PORT, SERIAL_BAUDRATE)
+        ser.close()
+        return True
+    except serial.SerialException as e:
+        print(f"錯誤：串口設備 {SERIAL_PORT} 被占用或無法訪問：{str(e)}")
+        return False
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"錯誤：檢查串口時發生未知錯誤：{str(e)}")
+        return False
+
+def build_api_tx_frame(data: bytes, dest_addr64: bytes, frame_id=0x01) -> bytes:
+    frame_type = 0x10
+    dest_addr16 = b'\xFF\xFE'
+    broadcast_radius = 0x00
+    options = 0x00
+
+    frame = struct.pack(">B", frame_type) + struct.pack(">B", frame_id)
+    frame += dest_addr64 + dest_addr16
+    frame += struct.pack(">BB", broadcast_radius, options) + data
+    checksum = 0xFF - (sum(frame) & 0xFF)
+    return b'\x7E' + struct.pack(">H", len(frame)) + frame + struct.pack("B", checksum)
+
+# === Serial Protocol 實作 ===
+class SerialToUDP(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(self, udp_protocol):
+        self.udp_protocol = udp_protocol
+        self.buffer = bytearray()
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        if hasattr(self.udp_protocol, 'set_serial_transport'):
+            self.udp_protocol.set_serial_transport(self)
+        print(f"Serial connection established on {SERIAL_PORT}")
+
+    def data_received(self, data):
+        self.buffer.extend(data)
+        while True:
+            if len(self.buffer) < 3:
+                return
+            if self.buffer[0] != 0x7E:
+                self.buffer.pop(0)
+                continue
+            length = (self.buffer[1] << 8) | self.buffer[2]
+            full_length = 3 + length + 1
+            if len(self.buffer) < full_length:
+                return
+            frame = self.buffer[:full_length]
+            del self.buffer[:full_length]
+            if hasattr(self.udp_protocol, 'send_udp'):
+                self.udp_protocol.send_udp(bytes(frame))
+
+    def write_to_serial(self, data):
+        try:
+            api_frame = build_api_tx_frame(data, TARGET_ADDR64)
+            pass
+            self.transport.write(api_frame)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[TX Error] 無法封裝或傳送資料: {e}")
+
+# === UDP Protocol 實作 ===
+class UDPHandler(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.serial_transport = None
+        self.transport = None
+        self.mav_decoder = mavutil.mavlink.MAVLink(None)
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        print("UDP transport ready.")
+
+    def set_serial_transport(self, serial_transport):
+        self.serial_transport = serial_transport
+
+    def datagram_received(self, data, addr):
+        if self.serial_transport:
+            self.serial_transport.write_to_serial(data)
+
+    def send_udp(self, data):
+        decoded_data = self.decapsulate_data(data)
+        if decoded_data is None:
+            pass
+            return
+        self.decode_mavlink_data(decoded_data)
+        if self.transport:
+            self.transport.sendto(decoded_data, (UDP_REMOTE_IP, UDP_REMOTE_PORT))
+
+    def decapsulate_data(self, data):
+        try:
+            if not data or data[0] != 0x7E:
+                return None
+            length = (data[1] << 8) | data[2]
+            if len(data) < length + 4:
+                return None
+            frame_type = data[3]
+            if frame_type == 0x90:
+                rf_data_start = 3 + 12
+                return data[rf_data_start:3 + length]
+            else:
+                return None
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[XBee 解封錯誤] {e}")
+            return None
+
+    def decode_mavlink_data(self, data):
+        try:
+            msg = self.mav_decoder.parse_char(data)
+            if msg:
+                if msg.get_type() == "HEARTBEAT":
+                    pass  # 不輸出任何訊息
+                else:
+                    pass
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[MAVLink Decode Error] {e}")
+
+# === 主流程 ===
+async def main():
+    if not check_serial_port():
+        print("程式終止：串口檢查失敗")
+        return
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    if os.name != 'nt':  # Windows 不支援 add_signal_handler
+        for sig in (signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGTERM):
+            loop.add_signal_handler(sig, lambda: asyncio.create_task(shutdown(loop)))
+
+    udp_handler = UDPHandler()
+
+    try:
+        udp_transport, _ = await loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            lambda: udp_handler,
+            local_addr=('0.0.0.0', 0)
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"無法創建 UDP 端點：{str(e)}")
+        return
+
+    sock = udp_transport.get_extra_info('socket')
+    print(f"UDP listening on {sock.getsockname()}")
+
+    try:
+        serial_proto = SerialToUDP(udp_handler)
+        await serial_asyncio.create_serial_connection(
+            loop, lambda: serial_proto, SERIAL_PORT, baudrate=SERIAL_BAUDRATE
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"無法建立串口連接：{str(e)}")
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        udp_transport.close()
+        return
+
+    print("等待串口資料...")
+    try:
+        await asyncio.Future()
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+        pass
+
+async def shutdown(loop):
+    print("Shutting down...")
+    tasks = [t for t in asyncio.all_tasks() if t is not asyncio.current_task()]
+    for task in tasks:
+        task.cancel()
+    await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
+    loop.stop()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    try:
+        asyncio.run(main())
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("程式被使用者中斷")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print("程式執行錯誤：")
+        traceback.print_exc()

src/unitdev04/test01.py

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+import rclpy
+from pymavlink import mavutil
+from time import sleep
+import time
+
+import socket
+import struct
+
+# used at fdm_switch_example_two
+import threading
+import queue
+
+def mavlink_analyzer_simple(count = 500):
+    # rclpy.init()
+    # node = rclpy.create_node('mavlink_analyzer_simple')
+ 
+    print('Inintializing connection')
+
+    connection_string="udp:127.0.0.1:14550"
+    connection = mavutil.mavlink_connection(connection_string)
+
+    print('Catch messages')
+    msg_count = {}
+
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    for _ in range(count):
+        msg = connection.recv_msg()
+        # msg = connection.recv_match(blocking=True)
+        if msg:
+            msg_type = msg.get_type()
+            if msg_type in msg_count:
+                msg_count[msg_type] += 1
+            else:
+                msg_count[msg_type] = 1
+
+            if msg.get_type() == 'SERVO_OUTPUT_RAW':
+                print(msg)
+                pass
+
+        else:
+            print('No message yet, 1 second for data to fill')
+            sleep(1)
+
+    print("markA ------")
+    print(msg.get_type())
+    print(msg.ordered_fieldnames)
+    print("markA ------ END")
+
+    print('Messages Type received:')
+    print(msg_count)
+
+    end_time = time.time()
+    print('Time elapsed: ', end_time - start_time)
+
+    print('Closing connection')
+    connection.close()
+
+
+def fdm_parser_example(data=None):
+    if data is None:
+        data = bytes.fromhex('1a48e903b1340500e803e803e803e803000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000')
+    # 1a48e903b1340500e803e803e803e803000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+
+    parse_format = 'HHI16H'
+
+    if len(data) != struct.calcsize(parse_format):
+        print("got packet of len %u, expected %u" % (len(data), struct.calcsize(parse_format)))
+        exit(1)
+
+    decoded = struct.unpack(parse_format,data)
+
+    magic = decoded[0]
+    frame_rate_hz = decoded[1]
+    frame_count = decoded[2]
+    pwm = decoded[3:]
+
+
+    print("magic: %u, frame_rate_hz: %u, frame_count: %u, pwm: %s" % (magic, frame_rate_hz, frame_count, pwm))
+
+def fdm_switch_example_one():
+
+    '''
+    這個範例在 SITL 與 Gazebo 之間 做一個簡單的UDP轉發器 
+    沒有轉換數據格式
+    '''
+    # make a link get fdm from SITL, as a server
+    sock_s2g = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+    sock_s2g.bind(('', 9002))
+    sock_s2g.settimeout(0.1)
+
+    # set a target link pass JSON to Gazebo, as a client
+    sock_g2s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+    server_address = ('127.0.0.1', 19002)
+
+    packet_count = 0
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    while True:
+        try:
+            # 接到SITL的數據 並轉發給Gazebo
+            data_s2g, addr_s2g = sock_s2g.recvfrom(1024)
+            sock_g2s.sendto(data_s2g, server_address)
+            # 得到Gazebo的回應 並轉發給SITL
+            data_g2s, addr_g2s = sock_g2s.recvfrom(1024)
+            sock_s2g.sendto(data_g2s, addr_s2g)
+            packet_count += 1
+        except socket.timeout:
+            pass
+
+        current_time = time.time()
+        elapsed_time = current_time - start_time
+
+        if elapsed_time >= 1.0:
+            # print(f"Packets received in the last second: {packet_count}")
+            print(f'JSON Pack : {data_g2s}')
+            packet_count = 0
+            start_time = current_time
+            fdm_parser_example(data_s2g)
+
+
+def fdm_switch_example_two():
+    '''
+    這個範例在 SITL 與 Gazebo 之間 做一個簡單的UDP轉發器 
+    有轉換數據格式
+
+    time_usec
+    servo1_raw 
+    servo16_raw
+    '''
+    # read info from SITL via MAVLink
+    connection_string="udp:127.0.0.1:14550" # uart mavlink  # MATLAB
+    connection = mavutil.mavlink_connection(connection_string)
+
+    # set a target link pass JSON to Gazebo, as a client
+    sock_g2s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+    server_address = ('127.0.0.1', 19002)
+
+    data_queue = queue.Queue()
+    servo_out = [0] * 16 # [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.....]
+    data_queue.put(servo_out)
+
+    def send_data_from_queue(sock, server_address, q, frame_rate_fdm=1, frame_count_fdm=1):
+        interval = 1.0 / frame_rate_fdm
+        while True:
+            start_time = time.time()
+            try:
+                data = q.get(timeout=0.1) # [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.....]
+                if data is None:
+                    break
+                last_data = data
+            except queue.Empty:
+                data = last_data
+            data_fdm = struct.pack('HHI16H', 0x481a, int(frame_rate_fdm * 0.1), frame_count_fdm, *servo_out) # [ FMD ]
+            sock.sendto(data_fdm, server_address)
+            frame_count_fdm += 3
+            # fdm_parser_example(data_fdm) # debug
+
+            elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
+            sleep_time = interval - elapsed_time
+            if sleep_time > 0:
+                sleep(sleep_time)
+
+    Running = True
+    thread = threading.Thread(target=send_data_from_queue, args=(sock_g2s, server_address, data_queue))
+    thread.start()
+    print('Start sending data to Gazebo')
+
+    while Running:
+        msgb1 = None
+        msg = connection.recv_msg()
+        while msg :
+            if msg.get_type() == 'SERVO_OUTPUT_RAW':
+                msgb1 = msg
+                # break # 這裡不需要break，因為我要最後一個 servo_output_raw 的值
+            msg = connection.recv_msg()
+
+        if msgb1:
+            for i in range(16):
+                servo_out[i] = getattr(msgb1, f'servo{i+1}_raw')
+                data_queue.put(servo_out)
+            msgb1 = None
+            # Running = False # debug
+        else:
+            # print('No message yet, 10 ms for data to fill')
+            sleep(0.01)
+
+        # Example of putting data into the queue
+        # data_queue.put(data)
+        # To stop the thread, you can put None into the queue
+        # data_queue.put(None)
+
+from pymavlink.dialects.v20 import common  # 使用 MAVLink 2.0
+
+def mavlink_btye_generator_test():
+
+    # 創建一個 MAVLink 對象
+    mav = common.MAVLink(None)  # 不透過 connection，直接使用 None
+
+    # 創建一個 HEARTBEAT 訊息
+    msg = mav.heartbeat_encode(
+        type=mavutil.mavlink.MAV_TYPE_QUADROTOR,
+        autopilot=mavutil.mavlink.MAV_AUTOPILOT_GENERIC,
+        base_mode=0,
+        custom_mode=0,
+        system_status=mavutil.mavlink.MAV_STATE_ACTIVE
+    )
+
+    # 取得 MAVLink 訊息的 bytes
+    mavlink_bytes = msg.pack(mav)
+
+    # 回傳 bytes
+    print(mavlink_bytes)
+    print(type(mavlink_bytes))
+
+    mav2 = common.MAVLink(None)
+    # my_msg = mav2.decode(mavlink_bytes)
+    print("========")
+    print(dir(mav2))
+    # print(my_msg)
+
+
+
+print('Start')
+# fdm_switch_example_two()
+# fdm_parser_example()
+# mavlink_analyzer_simple(8)
+mavlink_btye_generator_test()

src/unitdev04/udptest4.py

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+import asyncio
+import serial_asyncio
+import struct
+import os
+import sys
+import serial
+import signal
+import traceback
+from pymavlink import mavutil
+
+# === 設定區 ===
+SERIAL_PORT = 'COM15'  # 手動指定
+SERIAL_BAUDRATE = 57600
+UDP_REMOTE_IP = '127.0.0.1'
+UDP_REMOTE_PORT = 14550
+DEBUG_MODE = False
+TARGET_ADDR64 = b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xFF\xFF'  # 廣播
+
+# === 工具函數 ===
+def check_serial_port():
+    try:
+        ser = serial.Serial(SERIAL_PORT, SERIAL_BAUDRATE)
+        ser.close()
+        return True
+    except serial.SerialException as e:
+        print(f"錯誤：串口設備 {SERIAL_PORT} 被占用或無法訪問：{str(e)}")
+        return False
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"錯誤：檢查串口時發生未知錯誤：{str(e)}")
+        return False
+
+def build_api_tx_frame(data: bytes, dest_addr64: bytes, frame_id=0x01) -> bytes:
+    frame_type = 0x10
+    dest_addr16 = b'\xFF\xFE'
+    broadcast_radius = 0x00
+    options = 0x00
+
+    frame = struct.pack(">B", frame_type) + struct.pack(">B", frame_id)
+    frame += dest_addr64 + dest_addr16
+    frame += struct.pack(">BB", broadcast_radius, options) + data
+    checksum = 0xFF - (sum(frame) & 0xFF)
+    return b'\x7E' + struct.pack(">H", len(frame)) + frame + struct.pack("B", checksum)
+
+# === Serial Protocol 實作 ===
+class SerialToUDP(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(self, udp_protocol):
+        self.udp_protocol = udp_protocol
+        self.buffer = bytearray()
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        if hasattr(self.udp_protocol, 'set_serial_transport'):
+            self.udp_protocol.set_serial_transport(self)
+        print(f"Serial connection established on {SERIAL_PORT}")
+
+    def data_received(self, data):
+        self.buffer.extend(data)
+        while True:
+            if len(self.buffer) < 3:
+                return
+            if self.buffer[0] != 0x7E:
+                self.buffer.pop(0)
+                continue
+            length = (self.buffer[1] << 8) | self.buffer[2]
+            full_length = 3 + length + 1
+            if len(self.buffer) < full_length:
+                return
+            frame = self.buffer[:full_length]
+            del self.buffer[:full_length]
+            if hasattr(self.udp_protocol, 'send_udp'):
+                self.udp_protocol.send_udp(bytes(frame))
+
+    def write_to_serial(self, data):
+        try:
+            api_frame = build_api_tx_frame(data, TARGET_ADDR64)
+            pass
+            self.transport.write(api_frame)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[TX Error] 無法封裝或傳送資料: {e}")
+
+# === UDP Protocol 實作 ===
+class UDPHandler(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.serial_transport = None
+        self.transport = None
+        self.mav_decoder = mavutil.mavlink.MAVLink(None)
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        print("UDP transport ready.")
+
+    def set_serial_transport(self, serial_transport):
+        self.serial_transport = serial_transport
+
+    def datagram_received(self, data, addr):
+        if self.serial_transport:
+            self.serial_transport.write_to_serial(data)
+
+    def send_udp(self, data):
+        decoded_data = self.decapsulate_data(data)
+        if decoded_data is None:
+            pass
+            return
+        self.decode_mavlink_data(decoded_data)
+        if self.transport:
+            self.transport.sendto(decoded_data, (UDP_REMOTE_IP, UDP_REMOTE_PORT))
+
+    def decapsulate_data(self, data):
+        try:
+            if not data or data[0] != 0x7E:
+                return None
+            length = (data[1] << 8) | data[2]
+            if len(data) < length + 4:
+                return None
+            frame_type = data[3]
+            if frame_type == 0x90:
+                rf_data_start = 3 + 12
+                return data[rf_data_start:3 + length]
+            else:
+                return None
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[XBee 解封錯誤] {e}")
+            return None
+
+    def decode_mavlink_data(self, data):
+        try:
+            msg = self.mav_decoder.parse_char(data)
+            if msg:
+                if msg.get_type() == "HEARTBEAT":
+                    pass  # 不輸出任何訊息
+                else:
+                    pass
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[MAVLink Decode Error] {e}")
+
+# === 主流程 ===
+async def main():
+    if not check_serial_port():
+        print("程式終止：串口檢查失敗")
+        return
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    if os.name != 'nt':  # Windows 不支援 add_signal_handler
+        for sig in (signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGTERM):
+            loop.add_signal_handler(sig, lambda: asyncio.create_task(shutdown(loop)))
+
+    udp_handler = UDPHandler()
+
+    try:
+        udp_transport, _ = await loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            lambda: udp_handler,
+            local_addr=('0.0.0.0', 0)
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"無法創建 UDP 端點：{str(e)}")
+        return
+
+    sock = udp_transport.get_extra_info('socket')
+    print(f"UDP listening on {sock.getsockname()}")
+
+    try:
+        serial_proto = SerialToUDP(udp_handler)
+        await serial_asyncio.create_serial_connection(
+            loop, lambda: serial_proto, SERIAL_PORT, baudrate=SERIAL_BAUDRATE
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"無法建立串口連接：{str(e)}")
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        udp_transport.close()
+        return
+
+    print("等待串口資料...")
+    try:
+        await asyncio.Future()
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+        pass
+
+async def shutdown(loop):
+    print("Shutting down...")
+    tasks = [t for t in asyncio.all_tasks() if t is not asyncio.current_task()]
+    for task in tasks:
+        task.cancel()
+    await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
+    loop.stop()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    try:
+        asyncio.run(main())
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("程式被使用者中斷")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print("程式執行錯誤：")
+        traceback.print_exc()

src/unitdev04/udptest8.py

@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+# === import 保持不變 ===
+import asyncio
+import serial_asyncio
+import struct
+import serial
+import traceback
+import time
+from collections import deque, defaultdict
+from pymavlink import mavutil
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import matplotlib.animation as animation
+import threading
+
+# === 多組設備設定 ===
+CONFIGS = [
+    {"serial_port": "/dev/ttyUSB2", "udp_port": 14551},
+    {"serial_port": "COM43", "udp_port": 14552},
+    {"serial_port": "COM15", "udp_port": 14553},
+]
+
+SERIAL_BAUDRATE = 115200
+UDP_REMOTE_IP = '127.0.0.1'
+TARGET_ADDR64 = b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xFF\xFF'
+
+# === 數據存儲 ===
+rssi_history = defaultdict(lambda: deque(maxlen=5000))
+time_history = defaultdict(lambda: deque(maxlen=5000))
+
+# === 新增：丟包率追蹤 ===
+packet_loss_history = defaultdict(lambda: deque(maxlen=1000))
+packet_loss_time_history = defaultdict(lambda: deque(maxlen=1000))
+mavlink_sequence_tracker = defaultdict(dict)  # {sysid: {compid: {'last_seq': x, 'total_packets': y, 'lost_packets': z}}}
+packet_loss_stats = defaultdict(lambda: {'loss_rate': 0.0, 'total_received': 0, 'total_lost': 0})
+
+serial_to_sysid = {}
+serial_last_mavlink_time = {}  # 優化 1：追蹤各 serial port 最近的 MAVLink 時間
+
+def calculate_packet_loss(sysid, compid, current_seq):
+    """計算丟包率"""
+    global mavlink_sequence_tracker, packet_loss_stats
+    
+    tracker = mavlink_sequence_tracker[sysid]
+    if compid not in tracker:
+        # 第一次收到這個component的消息
+        tracker[compid] = {
+            'last_seq': current_seq,
+            'total_packets': 1,
+            'lost_packets': 0,
+            'last_update': time.time()
+        }
+        return 0.0
+    
+    comp_tracker = tracker[compid]
+    last_seq = comp_tracker['last_seq']
+    
+    # 計算序列號差異（處理255溢出）
+    if current_seq > last_seq:
+        expected_packets = current_seq - last_seq
+    elif current_seq < last_seq:
+        # 序列號溢出（0-255循環）
+        expected_packets = (255 - last_seq) + current_seq + 1
+    else:
+        # 重複的序列號，忽略
+        return comp_tracker.get('loss_rate', 0.0)
+    
+    # 更新統計
+    comp_tracker['total_packets'] += expected_packets
+    lost_packets = expected_packets - 1  # 實際收到1個，應該收到expected_packets個
+    comp_tracker['lost_packets'] += max(0, lost_packets)
+    comp_tracker['last_seq'] = current_seq
+    comp_tracker['last_update'] = time.time()
+    
+    # 計算丟包率
+    total_expected = comp_tracker['total_packets']
+    total_lost = comp_tracker['lost_packets']
+    loss_rate = (total_lost / total_expected) * 100.0 if total_expected > 0 else 0.0
+    comp_tracker['loss_rate'] = loss_rate
+    
+    # 更新全局統計（按sysid匯總所有component）
+    total_received = 0
+    total_lost_all = 0
+    total_expected_all = 0
+    
+    for comp_id, comp_data in tracker.items():
+        total_expected_all += comp_data['total_packets']
+        total_lost_all += comp_data['lost_packets']
+        total_received += comp_data['total_packets'] - comp_data['lost_packets']
+    
+    overall_loss_rate = (total_lost_all / total_expected_all) * 100.0 if total_expected_all > 0 else 0.0
+    
+    packet_loss_stats[sysid] = {
+        'loss_rate': overall_loss_rate,
+        'total_received': total_received,
+        'total_lost': total_lost_all
+    }
+    
+    # 記錄到歷史數據
+    now = time.time()
+    packet_loss_history[sysid].append(overall_loss_rate)
+    packet_loss_time_history[sysid].append(now)
+    
+    return overall_loss_rate
+
+def build_api_tx_frame(data: bytes, dest_addr64: bytes, frame_id=0x01) -> bytes:
+    frame_type = 0x10
+    dest_addr16 = b'\xFF\xFE'
+    broadcast_radius = 0x00
+    options = 0x00
+    frame = struct.pack(">B", frame_type) + struct.pack(">B", frame_id)
+    frame += dest_addr64 + dest_addr16
+    frame += struct.pack(">BB", broadcast_radius, options) + data
+    checksum = 0xFF - (sum(frame) & 0xFF)
+    return b'\x7E' + struct.pack(">H", len(frame)) + frame + struct.pack("B", checksum)
+
+class SerialToUDP(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(self, udp_protocol, serial_port):
+        self.udp_protocol = udp_protocol
+        self.serial_port = serial_port
+        self.buffer = bytearray()
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        if hasattr(self.udp_protocol, 'set_serial_transport'):
+            self.udp_protocol.set_serial_transport(self)
+        print(f"[{self.serial_port}] Serial connection established.")
+
+    def data_received(self, data):
+        self.buffer.extend(data)
+        while True:
+            if len(self.buffer) < 3:
+                return
+            if self.buffer[0] != 0x7E:
+                self.buffer.pop(0)
+                continue
+            length = (self.buffer[1] << 8) | self.buffer[2]
+            full_length = 3 + length + 1
+            if len(self.buffer) < full_length:
+                return
+            frame = self.buffer[:full_length]
+            del self.buffer[:full_length]
+
+            if hasattr(self.udp_protocol, 'send_udp'):
+                self.udp_protocol.send_udp(bytes(frame))
+
+            if frame[3] == 0x88 and frame[5:7] == b'DB':
+                status = frame[7]
+                if status == 0x00 and len(frame) > 8:
+                    rssi_value = frame[8]
+                    now = time.time()
+
+                    # === 優化 1：僅信任最近 0.5 秒內有接收 MAVLink 的 port
+                    last_time = serial_last_mavlink_time.get(self.serial_port, 0)
+                    if now - last_time <= 0.5:
+                        sysid = serial_to_sysid.get(self.serial_port, None)
+                        if sysid is not None:
+                            rssi_history[sysid].append(-rssi_value)
+                            time_history[sysid].append(now)
+                            # print(f"[SYSID:{sysid}] RSSI = -{rssi_value} dBm")
+                        else:
+                            print(f"[{self.serial_port}] 找不到 sysid 對應，RSSI = -{rssi_value} dBm，已忽略")
+                    else:
+                        print(f"[{self.serial_port}] 超過 0.5 秒未接收 MAVLink，RSSI = -{rssi_value} dBm 已忽略")
+                else:
+                    print(f"[{self.serial_port}] DB 指令失敗，狀態碼: {status}")
+
+    def write_to_serial(self, data):
+        try:
+            api_frame = build_api_tx_frame(data, TARGET_ADDR64)
+            self.transport.write(api_frame)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[{self.serial_port} TX Error] 無法封裝或傳送資料: {e}")
+
+    def send_at_command_db(self):
+        try:
+            frame_type = 0x08
+            frame_id = 0x52
+            at_command = b'DB'
+            parameter = b''
+            frame = struct.pack(">B", frame_type) + struct.pack(">B", frame_id) + at_command + parameter
+            checksum = 0xFF - (sum(frame) & 0xFF)
+            api_frame = b'\x7E' + struct.pack(">H", len(frame)) + frame + struct.pack("B", checksum)
+            self.transport.write(api_frame)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[{self.serial_port}] 發送 DB 指令失敗: {e}")
+
+class UDPHandler(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
+    def __init__(self, udp_port):
+        self.udp_port = udp_port
+        self.serial_transport = None
+        self.transport = None
+        self.mav_decoder = mavutil.mavlink.MAVLink(None)
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.transport = transport
+        print(f"[UDP:{self.udp_port}] transport ready.")
+
+    def set_serial_transport(self, serial_transport):
+        self.serial_transport = serial_transport
+
+    def datagram_received(self, data, addr):
+        if self.serial_transport:
+            self.serial_transport.write_to_serial(data)
+
+    def send_udp(self, data):
+        decoded_data = self.decapsulate_data(data)
+        if decoded_data is None:
+            return
+        self.decode_mavlink_data(decoded_data)
+        if self.transport:
+            self.transport.sendto(decoded_data, (UDP_REMOTE_IP, self.udp_port))
+
+    def decapsulate_data(self, data):
+        try:
+            if not data or data[0] != 0x7E:
+                return None
+            length = (data[1] << 8) | data[2]
+            if len(data) < length + 4:
+                return None
+            frame_type = data[3]
+            if frame_type == 0x90:
+                rf_data_start = 3 + 12
+                return data[rf_data_start:3 + length]
+            else:
+                return None
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[UDP:{self.udp_port} 解封錯誤] {e}")
+            return None
+
+    def decode_mavlink_data(self, data):
+        try:
+            # 逐字節解析MAVLink
+            for byte in data:
+                msg = self.mav_decoder.parse_char(bytes([byte]))
+                if msg:
+                    sysid = msg.get_srcSystem()
+                    compid = msg.get_srcComponent()
+                    seq = msg.get_seq()
+                    
+                    if sysid == 0:
+                        continue
+                        
+                    if self.serial_transport:
+                        serial_to_sysid[self.serial_transport.serial_port] = sysid
+                        serial_last_mavlink_time[self.serial_transport.serial_port] = time.time()
+                        self.serial_transport.send_at_command_db()
+                    
+                    # === 新增：計算丟包率 ===
+                    try:
+                        loss_rate = calculate_packet_loss(sysid, compid, seq)
+                        # print(f"[SYSID:{sysid}] 丟包率: {loss_rate:.1f}%, SEQ: {seq}")
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        print(f"[UDP:{self.udp_port}] 丟包率計算錯誤: {e}")
+                        
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[UDP:{self.udp_port} MAVLink Decode Error] {e}")
+
+def start_plotting():
+    # 創建子圖：上方RSSI，下方丟包率
+    fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(12, 8))
+
+    def update(frame):
+        ax1.clear()
+        ax2.clear()
+        
+        # === RSSI 圖 ===
+        ax1.set_title("RSSI", fontsize=14)
+        ax1.set_xlabel("Time (s ago)")
+        ax1.set_ylabel("RSSI (dBm)")
+        ax1.set_xlim(30, 0)  # 顯示最近10秒
+        ax1.set_ylim(-100, -10)
+        ax1.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
+
+        # === 丟包率圖 ===
+        ax2.set_title("Packet Loss Rate", fontsize=14)
+        ax2.set_xlabel("Time (s ago)")
+        ax2.set_ylabel("Loss Rate (%)")
+        ax2.set_xlim(10, 0) 
+        ax2.set_ylim(0, 100)
+        ax2.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
+
+        now = time.time()
+        
+        # 顏色列表
+        colors = ['blue', 'red', 'green', 'orange', 'purple', 'brown', 'pink', 'gray']
+        
+        for i, sysid in enumerate(sorted(rssi_history.keys())):
+            color = colors[i % len(colors)]
+            
+            # === 繪製 RSSI ===
+            rssi_recent_indices = [
+                idx for idx, ts in enumerate(time_history[sysid]) if now - ts <= 30
+            ]
+            if rssi_recent_indices:
+                rssi_t = [now - time_history[sysid][idx] for idx in rssi_recent_indices]
+                rssi_r = [rssi_history[sysid][idx] for idx in rssi_recent_indices]
+                if rssi_t and rssi_r:
+                    ax1.plot(rssi_t, rssi_r, label=f"SYSID:{sysid}", color=color, linewidth=2)
+                    
+                    # 在RSSI圖上顯示當前數值
+                    if rssi_r:
+                        latest_rssi = rssi_r[-1]
+                        ax1.text(2, latest_rssi, f'{latest_rssi:.0f}dBm', 
+                                bbox=dict(boxstyle="round,pad=0.3", facecolor=color, alpha=0.7),
+                                fontsize=10, fontweight='bold', color='white')
+
+            # === 繪製丟包率 ===
+            if sysid in packet_loss_history:
+                loss_recent_indices = [
+                    idx for idx, ts in enumerate(packet_loss_time_history[sysid]) if now - ts <= 10
+                ]
+                if loss_recent_indices:
+                    loss_t = [now - packet_loss_time_history[sysid][idx] for idx in loss_recent_indices]
+                    loss_r = [packet_loss_history[sysid][idx] for idx in loss_recent_indices]
+                    if loss_t and loss_r:
+                        ax2.plot(loss_t, loss_r, label=f"SYSID:{sysid}", color=color, linewidth=2, marker='o', markersize=3)
+                        
+                        # 在丟包率圖上顯示當前數值和統計
+                        if loss_r:
+                            latest_loss = loss_r[-1]
+                            stats = packet_loss_stats[sysid]
+                            
+                            # 顯示丟包率百分比
+                            ax2.text(2, latest_loss + (i * 8), f'{latest_loss:.1f}%', 
+                                    bbox=dict(boxstyle="round,pad=0.3", facecolor=color, alpha=0.7),
+                                    fontsize=10, fontweight='bold', color='white')
+                            
+                            # 在圖表左側顯示詳細統計
+                            stats_text = f"SYSID {sysid}:\nRecieved: {stats['total_received']}\nLoss: {stats['total_lost']}\nLoss Rate: {latest_loss:.1f}%"
+                            ax2.text(28, 85 - (i * 20), stats_text,
+                                    bbox=dict(boxstyle="round,pad=0.5", facecolor=color, alpha=0.8),
+                                    fontsize=9, color='white', verticalalignment='top')
+
+        # 設置圖例
+        ax1.legend(loc="upper right", fontsize=10)
+        ax2.legend(loc="upper right", fontsize=10)
+        
+    ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update, interval=1000)
+    plt.tight_layout()
+    plt.show()
+
+async def setup_bridge(config):
+    serial_port = config["serial_port"]
+    udp_port = config["udp_port"]
+    try:
+        ser = serial.Serial(serial_port, SERIAL_BAUDRATE)
+        ser.close()
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"[{serial_port}] 串口打開失敗: {e}")
+        return
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    udp_handler = UDPHandler(udp_port)
+    try:
+        await loop.create_datagram_endpoint(
+            lambda: udp_handler,
+            local_addr=('0.0.0.0', 0)
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"[{serial_port}] 無法創建 UDP: {e}")
+        return
+    try:
+        serial_proto = SerialToUDP(udp_handler, serial_port)
+        await serial_asyncio.create_serial_connection(
+            loop, lambda: serial_proto, serial_port, baudrate=SERIAL_BAUDRATE
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"[{serial_port}] 無法建立串口連接：{e}")
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        return
+    print(f"[{serial_port}] Serial <--> UDP:{udp_port} bridge ready.")
+
+async def main():
+    tasks = [setup_bridge(cfg) for cfg in CONFIGS]
+    await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+    await asyncio.Future()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    try:
+        threading.Thread(target=lambda: asyncio.run(main()), daemon=True).start()
+        start_plotting()
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("使用者中斷程式")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print("程式執行錯誤：")
+        traceback.print_exc()